Car-ventilating means.



T. H. GARLAND.

CAR VENTILATING MEANS.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 12, 1912.

1,064,312, Patented June 10,1913.

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OAR VENTILATING MEANS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 12, 1912.

1,O64,3 1 2, Patented June 10,1913.

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THOMAS H. GARLAND, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CAR-VENTILATING MEANS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS H. GARLAND,

a citizen of the United States, and resident of Chicago, in the countyof Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Car-Ventilating Means, of which the following is a full,clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, which form a part of my specification.

My invention relates to means more especially adapted to ventilate cars;and has for its object the provision of means whereby efficientventilation is obtained regardless of the fact whether the car is or isnot in motion, and when in motion, ventilation will be had regardless ofthe direction of travel of the car.

A further object of the invention is to provide such means wherebyetlicient ventilation may be had and the possibility of the entrance ofrain, snow, cinders and the like through the ventilator and into the caris prevented, as will be more fully understood from the followingdetailed description.

I11 the drawings :-Figure l is a perspec tive view of my improvedventilator, with portions broken away in order to more clearlyillustrate the internal construction. Fig. 2 is a side view of the samewith a portion of the top wall broken away. Fig. 3 is a transversesectional view of the improved ventilating means, shown applied to thelower deck of a monitor type of car roof, which is also shown insection; the mechanism employed for ventilating the car when not inmotion, being illustrated. Fig. l is a top plan view of the ventilatingmeans illustrated in Fig. 3, with the mechanism located within the car,for inducing ventilation when the car is not in motion,

being omitted.

In the exemplification of my invention, I illustrate the main portion ofmy improved ventilating means provided with curved walls, adapting it tothe curvature of the roof of the car where the ventilator is in tendedto be applied. The ventilating means, illustrated more clearly in Figs.1 and 2, comprise the conductor portions or channels 5 and 6, the oneabove the other. These conductor portions or channels 5 and 6communicate through suitable openings in the attaching or abutting wall7, with the interior of the car; this being accomplished Specificationof Letters Patent.

Application filed February 12, 1912.

Patented June 10, 1913.

Serial No. 677,074.

preferably through special openings in the deck 8 of the car, see Fig.3, or by means of a deck window. The channels or conductors 5 and 6extend transversely of the housing or ventilating means and of the lowerdeck of the car, in the construction shown in Fig. 3; the two channelsbeing formed by the intermediate, laterally ex tending wall 9. This wall9 is of less extent than the outer walls, and is preferably curvedsubstantially similar in manner to outer or top wall 10, so that channel5 will extend downwardly and communicate with channel 6 in proximity tothe orifice or outer end of the housing or ventilating means, see Fig.3. The outer end of the intermediate wall or partition 9 is givengreater downward curvature so as to provide a bafiie portion, wherebythe currents of air passing outwardly through channel 6 will bedeflected, for the purpose hereinafter set forth.

As before stated, the outer portion of the ventilating means ispreferably formed to conform substantially to the shape of the roof, seeFig. 3, the discharge end of the housing being brought near the edge ofthe roof, with the discharge end or orifice presented in a downwarddirection, so that rain, snow, and the like, are less likely to enterthe conductor portions of the ventilating means. At the inner end, theupper channel or conductor 5 may be provided with a shutter or registeras at 11, whereby communication with the car-interior may be shut off.

To both sides of the conductor portion or channel 6, and extending inopposite directions, I provide cowls 12, 12; the axes whereof extendparallel with the axis of the car, and therefore substantiallyperpendicular to the axis of the conductor portions of the ventilatingmeans. The cowls 12, 12, are provided with side walls 13 and 14, curvedor bent toward each other in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 4, so as toprovide a converging channel, the outlet or discharging end whereof isarranged parallel with the conductor portions or channels 5 and 6, ascan more clearly be seen in Figs. 1, 2, and

1. The orifices 12 of the cowls 12, 12, are

described that when the car is in motion, the forward cowl, that is thecowl presented in the direction in which the car is moving, will gatherin air and discharge it through the discharge orifice 0r outlet 12 ofthe forwardly presented cowl or duct. The current of air discharged orflowing out of the orifice 12 of the cowl impinges against the outerair, and, owing to the onward movement of the car, it will be deflectedacross the orifice or discharge end 6 of the conductor portions of theventilating means. The deflection is, however, more or less gradual, asthe momentum and pressure of the outflowing current serve to push theouter body of air away from the discharge orifices of the device,especially away from the immediately adjoining orifice of the conductorportions. The result of thus pressing the outer air away from theorifice 6 will produce an eduction or exhausting effect in the conductorportions or channels. With the inlet ends of the conductor portions orchannels open to the interior of the car, it is evident that apronounced outflow of air from the interior of the car through theconductor portions 5 and 6 is induced, thereby exhausting the vitiatedair from the car-interior.

VVit-h the construction of the ventilating means shown and described, itis apparent that the same effect will be obtained regardless of thedirection of the movement of the car, because both cowls are similar inconstruction; the forward cowl, considered with reference to thedirection in which the car moves, is the effective one or the one toproduce the result above described; the rearward cowl being ineffectiveduring movement of the car in the opposite direction.

It will be readily understood from the operat-ion just described, thateffective venti lation of the ear, to the extent of extracting thevitiated air therefrom, will be obtained; and furthermore, with thenature of construction shown and described, foreign substances cannotenter the car. lVhile cinders and the like may be blown into the cowlportions of the ventilating means, they will, of course, be immediatelydischarged therefrom, and as the different ducts or channels of themeans are independent of one another, (except so far as the twoconductor channels or ducts 5 and 6 are concerned), the cinders or sootwill be prevented from entering the conductor portions 5 and 6. Inorder, however, to obtain effective ventilation when the car is not inmotion, and assist, should it be desired, while the car is in motion, Iprovide the lower conductor portion or channel 6 with an extension,shown in the nature of a duct or tube 15, see Figs. 3 and 4, which isarranged to extend through the deck of the car into the interior wherethe inner end is connected with the periphery or outer casing of anexhaust fan or blower 16. This exhaust fan may be of any suitableconstruction, but preferably of the type illustrated in Fig. 3, wherebyair from the car is taken through an opening in the center of the fanconcentric with the axis thereof, and forced by the vanes or bladesthrough the tangentially arranged duct or tube 15. The fan or exhaustingmechanism may be operated by any suitable motor or motive power underthe control of the car attendant. The air blown through duct or tube 15by the fan or blower 16 will be discharged into the conductor portion 6,where it will impinge against the downwardly turned end or bafiieportion 17. This baflie portion 17 will deflect the outwardly flowingcurrents of air, (caused by the action of the fan or blower 1.6),downwardly immediately beneath the discharge end of channel 5. Thisdeflection will tend to effect a vacuum, resulting in an eductive actionin the conductor portion or channel 5, so that, with the damper at theinner end of the conductor portion or duct 5 open, an outward flow ofair will be induced through conductor 5, which, of course, will bedischarged through the orifice 6 One object of my invent-ion is toprovide means whereby eflicient ventilation in the manner stated may beobtained when the car is not in motion and the construction justdescribed and illustrated in Fig. 3 is an exemplification of one form;the purpose being to so arrange and construct the orifices of theconductor portion, that the air forced through the one passage of saidportion will produce an eduction effect in the other passage of saidportion. After the car is again put in motion, the blower or fan maythen, of course, be shut off, as the in-rush of air into the forwardlypresented cowl will produce the desired result in the manner previouslydescribed. It is evident, therefore, that efficient ventilation of a carmay be obtained both while in motion or stationary.

lVhen desired, tube or duct 15 may be provided with means whereby it maybe shut off, in a manner similar to that heretofore described inconnection with the upper conductor passa e or duct 5.

My improved ventilating means is especially adapted for use inconnection with dining cars and the kitchens thereof, whereby the hotsmoke laden or foul atmosphere may be efiiciently withdrawn or exhaustedboth while the car is moving or stationary.

With my improved ventilating means as previously described and shown inthe draw ings, should it be desired to close off the openings to thecar-interior by a damper or other suitable mechanism, foreign matterwill be prevented from accumulating in the eduction channels by reasonof the fact that the conduits employed for utilizing the outer air toinduce eduction has no communication with the conductor portions oreduction passages.

I have shown and described what I believe to be the simplest and bestconstruction of my invention to produce the effect desired, but the samemay be altered in certain details without, however, departing from thespirit of my invention, and I do not wish, therefore, to be understoodas limiting myself to the exact construction shown and described; but

\Vhat I claim as my invention, and wish to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a device of the class described, the combination of a memberarranged transversely of a car, communicating at one end with thecarinterior and provided with a discharge orifice at the opposite endexposed to the exterior cross-drafts induced by the travel of the car,said member being provided with several passages communicat ing witheach other at the discharge end of the member, a battle member locatedin one of said passages in advance of the point of communication betweenthe passages whereby air rushing outwardly through one of said passageswill induce an outward. flow of air in the other passage, the firstmentioned member being provided with an extension or conduit adapted tobe located within the car and communicating with the passage providedwith said battle member, with means communicating with said extension orconduit whereby air is forced outwardly through said conduit and one ofthe passages in the first mentioned member and an eduction effectproduced in the other passage of said first mentioned member.

2. A device of the class described, comprising a channel portioncommunicating with a car interior, arranged transversely of the car andhaving an external discharge orifice, a battle member extendinglongitudinally within said channel-portion whereby two passages in thechannel-portion are provided having communication with each other at thedischarge orifice of the channelportion, and means located within thecar and communicating with one of said passages whereby air will beexhausted from the car interior and an eduction effect produced at theopposite side of said battle member.

3. A device of the class described, comprising a conductor portioncommunicating with a car interior and having a discharge orificepresented substantially at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the carand exposed to the cross drafts caused by the travel of the car, saidconductor portion being pro vided with a batlie member intermediate ofthe top and bottoinwalls of said portion whereby two passages areprovided which communicate with each other at the dis charge orifice ofthe conductor portion, a conduit arranged within the car andcommunicating with one of said passages, means for inducing a draft insaid conduit and said passage whereby an eduction effect is produced inthe other passage, and air directing means having an intake end arrangedparallel with the longitudinal axis 'of the car, with the discharge endarranged adjacent to and in the same horizontal plane with the dischargeorifice of the conductor portion and presented at the same angle to thelongitudinal axis of the car as the discharge orifice of said conductorportion.

4. A device of the class described, comprising a conducting memberpresented at an angle to the longitudinal axis of a car andcommunicating with the interior of the car while the opposite endthereof is exposed to the exterior cross-drafts, means extendinglongitudinally within said mem ber providing a plurality of parallelpassages communicating at the discharge end of said member, means forforcing air through some of the passages to induce an eduction effect inthe other passage or passages, and a pair of independent conduit-sarranged at opposite sides of said member with the intake ends of theconduits arranged substantially perpendicular to said member andpresented in a direction parallel with the longitudinal axis of the car,said conduits having their discharge ends presented in the samedirection as the discharge orifice of the conducting member and arrangedadjacent to and in the same horizontal plane therewith.

THOMAS I'I. GARLAND.

Witnesses:

GEORGE I-IEIDMAN, R. E. IVIeIrroN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of latents, Washington, D. C.

